Addiction often involves both a mental and physical reliance on substances or behaviours. Psychological dependence refers to the emotional or mental need to use substances or engage in behaviours to cope with stress, trauma, anxiety, or other difficult emotions. This can occur with or without physical dependence. Substance addiction specifically involves the use of chemicals—such as alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, prescription medications, or illicit drugs—that alter mood or brain function. Over time, the body and mind may develop a strong dependence, making it challenging to stop without support. Both psychological and physical factors play important roles in the addiction experience.
Also known as process addictions, these involve compulsive engagement in certain activities, even when they cause harm. Common examples include gambling, gaming, social media, shopping, sex or pornography use. These behaviours activate reward pathways in the brain similar to those affected by substances.
